---
title: "A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of if-then plans - in a strict sense - to facilitate fruit and vegetable consumption in adults."
url: "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1177-1745691620979831/"
type: "study"
language: de-DE
description: "A fruit-and-vegetable rich diet is important in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. If-then plans, or implementation intentions, are proposed to facilitate behavior change by formulating plans that link perceivable cues and goal-directed responses. We investigated the effectiveness of if-then planning interventions to facilitate fruit and vegetable intake in adults, with a strict focus on if-then planning procedures and excluded procedures representing conventional planning. A systematic review (MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycInfo; last searched April 3rd, 2025) and meta-analysis was conducted. Included studies were randomized controlled trials, testing the effect of if-then plans on fruit and/or vegetable intake against active control groups. Ten articles were identified as eligible, including 12 comparisons (N = 2399) with intervention-outcome periods of 1 week to 24 months. If-then planning participants reported consuming approximately a quarter of a portion of fruit and vegetable per day more than participants in the control groups (MD = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11; 0.48). A central limitation of the analysis is that all included studies are based on self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption. While the effect size of the investigated intervention is small, its low resource requirements make it an accessible option for promoting fruit and vegetable consumption."
---
# A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of if-then plans - in a strict sense - to facilitate fruit and vegetable consumption in adults.

> A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of if-then plans - in a strict sense - to facilitate fruit and vegetable consumption in adults.: A fruit-and-vegetable rich diet is important in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. If-then plans, or [implementation intentions](/konzepte/implementation-intentions/), are proposed to facilitate behavior change by formulating plans that link perceivable cues and goal-directed responses. We investigated the effectiveness of if-then planning interventions to facilitate fruit and vegetable intake in adults, with a strict focus on if-then planning procedures and excluded procedures representing conventional planning. A systematic review (MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycInfo; last searched April 3rd, 2025) and meta-analysis was conducted. Included studies were randomized controlled trials, testing the effect of if-then plans on fruit and/or vegetable intake against active control groups. Ten articles were identified as eligible, including 12 comparisons (N = 2399) with intervention-outcome periods of 1 week to 24 months. If-then planning participants reported consuming approximately a quarter of a portion of fruit and vegetable per day more than participants in the control groups (MD = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11; 0.48). A central limitation of the analysis is that all included studies are based on self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption. While the effect size of the investigated intervention is small, its low resource requirements make it an accessible option for promoting fruit and vegetable consumption. Evidenzgrad A, Risk of Bias unclear.

## Quelle

Autor:innen: Sanne Karlsen Melum, Torsten Martiny-Huenger
Jahr: 2026
Journal/Quelle: The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity
DOI: 10.1177/1745691620979831
APA: Melum, S. K., & Martiny-Huenger, T. (2026). A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of if-then plans - in a strict sense - to facilitate fruit and vegetable consumption in adults. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620979831


## Forschungsfrage / Summary

A fruit-and-vegetable rich diet is important in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. If-then plans, or [implementation intentions](/konzepte/implementation-intentions/), are proposed to facilitate behavior change by formulating plans that link perceivable cues and goal-directed responses. We investigated the effectiveness of if-then planning interventions to facilitate fruit and vegetable intake in adults, with a strict focus on if-then planning procedures and excluded procedures representing conventional planning. A systematic review (MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycInfo; last searched April 3rd, 2025) and meta-analysis was conducted. Included studies were randomized controlled trials, testing the effect of if-then plans on fruit and/or vegetable intake against active control groups. Ten articles were identified as eligible, including 12 comparisons (N = 2399) with intervention-outcome periods of 1 week to 24 months. If-then planning participants reported consuming approximately a quarter of a portion of fruit and vegetable per day more than participants in the control groups (MD = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11; 0.48). A central limitation of the analysis is that all included studies are based on self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption. While the effect size of the investigated intervention is small, its low resource requirements make it an accessible option for promoting fruit and vegetable consumption.


## Methode und Evidenzqualität

[Studien](/studien/)typ: Studie
Risk of Bias: unclear
Evidenzgrad: A


## Key Findings

Evidence-Fill Queue: Findings werden aus Volltext, Abstract und Review-Notizen konsolidiert.


## Effektgrößen / Outcomes

Evidence-Fill Queue: Effektgrößen und Outcomes werden aus Volltext-Extraktionen priorisiert.


## Conversion-Implikationen

Evidence-Fill Queue: Conversion-Implikationen werden nur ausgespielt, wenn Mechanismus, Kontext und Messgröße ableitbar sind.


## Limitationen

Evidence-Fill Queue: Limitationen werden aus Risk-of-Bias-, Sample- und Methodikfeldern ergänzt.


## Verknüpfte Konzepte

- [Implementation Intentions](/konzepte/implementation-intentions/)


## Unterstützte Claims

- [Wenn-dann-Pläne bzw. Implementation Intentions können Zielverhalten unterstützen, indem konkrete situative Cues mit Handlungen verknüpft werden.](/claims/implementation-intentions-support-behavior-change/)


## FAQ

### Worum geht es in dieser Studie?

A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of if-then plans - in a strict sense - to facilitate fruit and vegetable consumption in adults.: A fruit-and-vegetable rich diet is important in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. If-then plans, or [implementation intentions](/konzepte/implementation-intentions/), are proposed to facilitate behavior change by formulating plans that link perceivable cues and goal-directed responses. We investigated the effectiveness of if-then planning interventions to facilitate fruit and vegetable intake in adults, with a strict focus on if-then planning procedures and excluded procedures representing conventional planning. A systematic review (MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycInfo; last searched April 3rd, 2025) and meta-analysis was conducted. Included studies were randomized controlled trials, testing the effect of if-then plans on fruit and/or vegetable intake against active control groups. Ten articles were identified as eligible, including 12 comparisons (N = 2399) with intervention-outcome periods of 1 week to 24 months. If-then planning participants reported consuming approximately a quarter of a portion of fruit and vegetable per day more than participants in the control groups (MD = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11; 0.48). A central limitation of the analysis is that all included studies are based on self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption. While the effect size of the investigated intervention is small, its low resource requirements make it an accessible option for promoting fruit and vegetable consumption. Evidenzgrad A, Risk of Bias unclear.

### Welche Evidenz wird genutzt?

Die Seite nutzt Claims, Studien, Use Cases und Quellen aus dem SurrealDB Knowledge Graph der Conversion-Psychologie-Wissensbasis.

### Ist die Ausgabe auf Deutsch verfügbar?

Ja. Alle menschenlesbaren Inhalte und Agent-Ausgaben sind standardmäßig deutsch.

## Quellen

- Melum, S. K., & Martiny-Huenger, T. (2026). A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of if-then plans - in a strict sense - to facilitate fruit and vegetable consumption in adults. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620979831 [Quelle öffnen](https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620979831)

## JSON-LD

```json
{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@graph": [
    {
      "@type": "WebSite",
      "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/#website",
      "url": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de",
      "name": "conversion.stevebaka.de",
      "description": "Deutschsprachige Wissensbasis und Audit-Plattform für evidenzbasierte Conversion-Psychologie.",
      "publisher": {
        "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/#organization"
      }
    },
    {
      "@type": "Organization",
      "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/#organization",
      "name": "conversion.stevebaka.de",
      "url": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de",
      "parentOrganization": {
        "@id": "https://stevebaka.de/#organization"
      },
      "sameAs": [
        "https://stevebaka.de"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "Person",
      "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/autoren/steve-baka/#person",
      "name": "Steve Baka",
      "url": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/autoren/steve-baka/",
      "sameAs": [
        "https://stevebaka.de"
      ],
      "jobTitle": "Conversion- und AI-Infrastructure-Berater",
      "knowsAbout": [
        "Conversion-Psychologie",
        "Verkaufspsychologie",
        "Behavioral Science",
        "GraphRAG",
        "SurrealDB",
        "D-A-CH Conversion Optimierung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "WebPage",
      "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1177-1745691620979831/#webpage",
      "url": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1177-1745691620979831/",
      "name": "A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of if-then plans - in a strict sense - to facilitate fruit and vegetable consumption in adults.",
      "description": "A fruit-and-vegetable rich diet is important in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. If-then plans, or implementation intentions, are proposed to facilitate behavior change by formulating plans that link perceivable cues and goal-directed responses. We investigated the effectiveness of if-then planning interventions to facilitate fruit and vegetable intake in adults, with a strict focus on if-then planning procedures and excluded procedures representing conventional planning. A systematic review (MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycInfo; last searched April 3rd, 2025) and meta-analysis was conducted. Included studies were randomized controlled trials, testing the effect of if-then plans on fruit and/or vegetable intake against active control groups. Ten articles were identified as eligible, including 12 comparisons (N = 2399) with intervention-outcome periods of 1 week to 24 months. If-then planning participants reported consuming approximately a quarter of a portion of fruit and vegetable per day more than participants in the control groups (MD = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11; 0.48). A central limitation of the analysis is that all included studies are based on self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption. While the effect size of the investigated intervention is small, its low resource requirements make it an accessible option for promoting fruit and vegetable consumption.",
      "inLanguage": "de-DE",
      "isPartOf": {
        "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/#website"
      },
      "breadcrumb": {
        "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1177-1745691620979831/#breadcrumb"
      },
      "datePublished": "2026-07-01",
      "dateModified": "2026-07-04",
      "mainEntity": {
        "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1177-1745691620979831/#article"
      }
    },
    {
      "@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1177-1745691620979831/#article",
      "headline": "A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of if-then plans - in a strict sense - to facilitate fruit and vegetable consumption in adults.",
      "name": "A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of if-then plans - in a strict sense - to facilitate fruit and vegetable consumption in adults.",
      "description": "A fruit-and-vegetable rich diet is important in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. If-then plans, or implementation intentions, are proposed to facilitate behavior change by formulating plans that link perceivable cues and goal-directed responses. We investigated the effectiveness of if-then planning interventions to facilitate fruit and vegetable intake in adults, with a strict focus on if-then planning procedures and excluded procedures representing conventional planning. A systematic review (MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycInfo; last searched April 3rd, 2025) and meta-analysis was conducted. Included studies were randomized controlled trials, testing the effect of if-then plans on fruit and/or vegetable intake against active control groups. Ten articles were identified as eligible, including 12 comparisons (N = 2399) with intervention-outcome periods of 1 week to 24 months. If-then planning participants reported consuming approximately a quarter of a portion of fruit and vegetable per day more than participants in the control groups (MD = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11; 0.48). A central limitation of the analysis is that all included studies are based on self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption. While the effect size of the investigated intervention is small, its low resource requirements make it an accessible option for promoting fruit and vegetable consumption.",
      "inLanguage": "de-DE",
      "author": {
        "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/autoren/steve-baka/#person"
      },
      "publisher": {
        "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/#organization"
      },
      "mainEntityOfPage": {
        "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1177-1745691620979831/#webpage"
      },
      "datePublished": "2026-07-01",
      "dateModified": "2026-07-04",
      "citation": [
        "https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620979831"
      ],
      "mentions": [],
      "text": "A systematic review and meta analysis on the effectiveness of if then plans in a strict sense to facilitate fruit and vegetable consumption in adults.: A fruit and vegetable rich diet is important in the prevention of non communicable diseases. If then plans, or implementation intentions, are proposed to facilitate behavior change by formulating plans that link perceivable cues and goal directed responses. We investigated the effectiveness of if then planning interventions to facilitate fruit and vegetable intake in adults, with a strict focus on if then planning procedures and excluded procedures representing conventional planning. A systematic review (MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycInfo; last searched April 3rd, 2025) and meta analysis was conducted. Included studies were randomized controlled trials, testing the effect of if then plans on fruit and/or vegetable intake against active control groups. Ten articles were identified as eligible, including 12 comparisons (N = 2399) with intervention outcome periods of 1 week to 24 months. If then planning participants reported consuming approximately a quarter of a portion of fruit and vegetable per day more than participants in the control groups (MD = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11; 0.48). A central limitation of the analysis is that all included studies are based on self reported fruit and vegetable consumption. While the effect size of the investigated intervention is small, its low resource requirements make it an accessible option for promoting fruit and vegetable consumption. Evidenzgrad A, Risk of Bias unclear. Quelle. Autor:innen: Sanne Karlsen Melum, Torsten Martiny Huenger Jahr: 2026 Journal/Quelle: The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity DOI: 10.1177/1745691620979831 APA: Melum, S. K., & Martiny Huenger, T. (2026). A systematic review and meta analysis on the effectiveness of if then plans in a strict sense to facilitate fruit and vegetable consumption in adults. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620979831 Forschungsfrage / Summary. A fruit and vegetable rich diet is important in the prevention of non communicable diseases. If then plans, or implementation intentions, are proposed to facilitate behavior change by formulating plans that link perceivable cues and goal directed responses. We investigated the effectiveness of if then planning interventions to facilitate fruit and vegetable intake in adults, with a strict focus on if then planning procedures and excluded procedures representing conventional planning. A systematic review (MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycInfo; last searched April 3rd, 2025) and meta analysis was conducted. Included studies were randomized controlled trials, testing the effect of if then plans on fruit and/or vegetable intake against active control groups. Ten articles were identified as eligible, including 12 comparisons (N = 2399) with intervention outcome periods of 1 week to 24 months. If then planning participants reported consuming approximately a quarter of a portion of fruit and vegetable per day more than participants in the control groups (MD = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11; 0.48). A central limitation of the analysis is that all included studies are based on self reported fruit and vegetable consumption. While the effect size of the investigated intervention is small, its low resource requirements make it an accessible option for promoting fruit and vegetable consumption. Methode und Evidenzqualität. Studientyp: Studie Risk of Bias: unclear Evidenzgrad: A Key Findings. Evidence Fill Queue: Findings werden aus Volltext, Abstract und Review Notizen konsolidiert. Effektgrößen / Outcomes. Evidence Fill Queue: Effektgrößen und Outcomes werden aus Volltext Extraktionen priorisiert. Conversion Implikationen. Evidence Fill Queue: Conversion Implikationen werden nur ausgespielt, wenn Mechanismus, Kontext und Messgröße ableitbar sind. Limitationen. Evidence Fill Queue: Limitationen werden aus Risk of Bias , Sample und Methodikfeldern ergänzt. Verknüpfte Konzepte. Implementation Intentions Unterstützte Claims. Wenn dann Pläne bzw. Implementation Intentions können Zielverhalten unterstützen, indem konkrete situative Cues mit Handlungen verknüpft werden.",
      "learningResourceType": "Evidence source",
      "isBasedOn": [
        "https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620979831"
      ],
      "about": []
    },
    {
      "@type": "BreadcrumbList",
      "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1177-1745691620979831/#breadcrumb",
      "itemListElement": [
        {
          "@type": "ListItem",
          "position": 1,
          "name": "Startseite",
          "item": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/"
        },
        {
          "@type": "ListItem",
          "position": 2,
          "name": "A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of if-then plans - in a strict sense - to facilitate fruit and vegetable consumption in adults.",
          "item": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1177-1745691620979831/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "@type": "FAQPage",
      "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1177-1745691620979831/#faq",
      "inLanguage": "de-DE",
      "mainEntity": [
        {
          "@type": "Question",
          "name": "Worum geht es in dieser Studie?",
          "acceptedAnswer": {
            "@type": "Answer",
            "text": "A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of if-then plans - in a strict sense - to facilitate fruit and vegetable consumption in adults.: A fruit-and-vegetable rich diet is important in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. If-then plans, or [implementation intentions](/konzepte/implementation-intentions/), are proposed to facilitate behavior change by formulating plans that link perceivable cues and goal-directed responses. We investigated the effectiveness of if-then planning interventions to facilitate fruit and vegetable intake in adults, with a strict focus on if-then planning procedures and excluded procedures representing conventional planning. A systematic review (MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycInfo; last searched April 3rd, 2025) and meta-analysis was conducted. Included studies were randomized controlled trials, testing the effect of if-then plans on fruit and/or vegetable intake against active control groups. Ten articles were identified as eligible, including 12 comparisons (N = 2399) with intervention-outcome periods of 1 week to 24 months. If-then planning participants reported consuming approximately a quarter of a portion of fruit and vegetable per day more than participants in the control groups (MD = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11; 0.48). A central limitation of the analysis is that all included studies are based on self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption. While the effect size of the investigated intervention is small, its low resource requirements make it an accessible option for promoting fruit and vegetable consumption. Evidenzgrad A, Risk of Bias unclear."
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "Question",
          "name": "Welche Evidenz wird genutzt?",
          "acceptedAnswer": {
            "@type": "Answer",
            "text": "Die Seite nutzt Claims, Studien, Use Cases und Quellen aus dem SurrealDB Knowledge Graph der Conversion-Psychologie-Wissensbasis."
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "Question",
          "name": "Ist die Ausgabe auf Deutsch verfügbar?",
          "acceptedAnswer": {
            "@type": "Answer",
            "text": "Ja. Alle menschenlesbaren Inhalte und Agent-Ausgaben sind standardmäßig deutsch."
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
```