--- title: "Social Norms Change and Tobacco Use: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions." url: "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1126-science-1255484/" type: "study" language: de-DE description: "Tobacco use kills more than eight million individuals each year, and results in substantial economic and human capital loss across nations. While effective supply-side solutions to tobacco control exist, these approaches are less effective at promoting cessation among heavy smokers, and less feasible to implement in countries with weaker tobacco control policy environments. Thus, effective demand-side solutions are needed. Shifting social norms around tobacco use is one such promising approach. To this end, a systematic review and meta-analysis of social norms intervention studies to influence tobacco use will be conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidance. Tobacco intervention studies with at least two time points that explicitly mention social norms or social influence as part of an intervention or set of measured variables will be included. Literature sources will comprise PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Trial Registry, as well as several grey literature sources. Two reviewers will independently screen studies, and risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 and ROBINS-I tools. The primary outcomes will be change in tobacco use and change in social norms. A random-effects meta-analysis will be conducted for both outcomes. Sources of heterogeneity will be explored using meta-regression with key covariates. Non-reporting biases will be explored using funnel plots. PROSPERO: CRD42021251535." --- # Social Norms Change and Tobacco Use: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions. > Social Norms Change and Tobacco Use: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions.: Tobacco use kills more than eight million individuals each year, and results in substantial economic and human capital loss across nations. While effective supply-side solutions to tobacco control exist, these approaches are less effective at promoting cessation among heavy smokers, and less feasible to implement in countries with weaker tobacco control policy environments. Thus, effective demand-side solutions are needed. Shifting social norms around tobacco use is one such promising approach. To this end, a systematic review and meta-analysis of social norms intervention studies to influence tobacco use will be conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidance. Tobacco intervention studies with at least two time points that explicitly mention social norms or [social influence](/prinzipien/social-influence/) as part of an intervention or set of measured variables will be included. Literature sources will comprise PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Trial Registry, as well as several grey literature sources. Two reviewers will independently screen studies, and risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 and ROBINS-I tools. The primary outcomes will be change in tobacco use and change in social norms. A random-effects meta-analysis will be conducted for both outcomes. Sources of heterogeneity will be explored using meta-regression with key covariates. Non-reporting biases will be explored using funnel plots. PROSPERO: CRD42021251535. Evidenzgrad A, Risk of Bias unclear. ## Quelle Autor:innen: Shaon Lahiri, Jeffrey B Bingenheimer, William Douglas Evans, Yan Wang, Priyanka Dubey, Bobbi Snowden Jahr: 2021 Journal/Quelle: International journal of environmental research and public health DOI: 10.1126/science.1255484 APA: Lahiri, S., Bingenheimer, J. B., Evans, W. D., Wang, Y., Dubey, P., & Snowden, B. (2021). Social Norms Change and Tobacco Use: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions. International journal of environmental research and public health. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255484 ## Forschungsfrage / Summary Tobacco use kills more than eight million individuals each year, and results in substantial economic and human capital loss across nations. While effective supply-side solutions to tobacco control exist, these approaches are less effective at promoting cessation among heavy smokers, and less feasible to implement in countries with weaker tobacco control policy environments. Thus, effective demand-side solutions are needed. Shifting social norms around tobacco use is one such promising approach. To this end, a systematic review and meta-analysis of social norms intervention studies to influence tobacco use will be conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidance. Tobacco intervention studies with at least two time points that explicitly mention social norms or [social influence](/prinzipien/social-influence/) as part of an intervention or set of measured variables will be included. Literature sources will comprise PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Trial Registry, as well as several grey literature sources. Two reviewers will independently screen studies, and risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 and ROBINS-I tools. The primary outcomes will be change in tobacco use and change in social norms. A random-effects meta-analysis will be conducted for both outcomes. Sources of heterogeneity will be explored using meta-regression with key covariates. Non-reporting biases will be explored using funnel plots. PROSPERO: CRD42021251535. ## Methode und Evidenzqualität [Studien](/studien/)typ: Studie Risk of Bias: unclear Evidenzgrad: A ## Key Findings Evidence-Fill Queue: Findings werden aus Volltext, Abstract und Review-Notizen konsolidiert. ## Effektgrößen / Outcomes Evidence-Fill Queue: Effektgrößen und Outcomes werden aus Volltext-Extraktionen priorisiert. ## Conversion-Implikationen Evidence-Fill Queue: Conversion-Implikationen werden nur ausgespielt, wenn Mechanismus, Kontext und Messgröße ableitbar sind. ## Limitationen Evidence-Fill Queue: Limitationen werden aus Risk-of-Bias-, Sample- und Methodikfeldern ergänzt. ## Verknüpfte Konzepte - [Social Proof](/konzepte/social-proof/) ## Unterstützte Claims - [Soziale Normbotschaften können Verhalten beeinflussen, können aber je nach Formulierung auch unerwünschte Normen verstärken.](/claims/social-norm-messages-can-change-behavior/) ## FAQ ### Worum geht es in dieser Studie? Social Norms Change and Tobacco Use: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions.: Tobacco use kills more than eight million individuals each year, and results in substantial economic and human capital loss across nations. While effective supply-side solutions to tobacco control exist, these approaches are less effective at promoting cessation among heavy smokers, and less feasible to implement in countries with weaker tobacco control policy environments. Thus, effective demand-side solutions are needed. Shifting social norms around tobacco use is one such promising approach. To this end, a systematic review and meta-analysis of social norms intervention studies to influence tobacco use will be conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidance. Tobacco intervention studies with at least two time points that explicitly mention social norms or [social influence](/prinzipien/social-influence/) as part of an intervention or set of measured variables will be included. Literature sources will comprise PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Trial Registry, as well as several grey literature sources. Two reviewers will independently screen studies, and risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 and ROBINS-I tools. The primary outcomes will be change in tobacco use and change in social norms. A random-effects meta-analysis will be conducted for both outcomes. Sources of heterogeneity will be explored using meta-regression with key covariates. Non-reporting biases will be explored using funnel plots. PROSPERO: CRD42021251535. Evidenzgrad A, Risk of Bias unclear. ### Welche Evidenz wird genutzt? Die Seite nutzt Claims, Studien, Use Cases und Quellen aus dem SurrealDB Knowledge Graph der Conversion-Psychologie-Wissensbasis. ### Ist die Ausgabe auf Deutsch verfügbar? Ja. Alle menschenlesbaren Inhalte und Agent-Ausgaben sind standardmäßig deutsch. ## Quellen - Lahiri, S., Bingenheimer, J. B., Evans, W. D., Wang, Y., Dubey, P., & Snowden, B. (2021). Social Norms Change and Tobacco Use: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions. International journal of environmental research and public health. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255484 [Quelle öffnen](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255484) ## JSON-LD ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "WebSite", "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/#website", "url": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de", "name": "conversion.stevebaka.de", "description": "Deutschsprachige Wissensbasis und Audit-Plattform für evidenzbasierte Conversion-Psychologie.", "publisher": { "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/#organization" } }, { "@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/#organization", "name": "conversion.stevebaka.de", "url": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de", "parentOrganization": { "@id": "https://stevebaka.de/#organization" }, "sameAs": [ "https://stevebaka.de" ] }, { "@type": "Person", "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/autoren/steve-baka/#person", "name": "Steve Baka", "url": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/autoren/steve-baka/", "sameAs": [ "https://stevebaka.de" ], "jobTitle": "Conversion- und AI-Infrastructure-Berater", "knowsAbout": [ "Conversion-Psychologie", "Verkaufspsychologie", "Behavioral Science", "GraphRAG", "SurrealDB", "D-A-CH Conversion Optimierung" ] }, { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1126-science-1255484/#webpage", "url": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1126-science-1255484/", "name": "Social Norms Change and Tobacco Use: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions.", "description": "Tobacco use kills more than eight million individuals each year, and results in substantial economic and human capital loss across nations. While effective supply-side solutions to tobacco control exist, these approaches are less effective at promoting cessation among heavy smokers, and less feasible to implement in countries with weaker tobacco control policy environments. Thus, effective demand-side solutions are needed. Shifting social norms around tobacco use is one such promising approach. To this end, a systematic review and meta-analysis of social norms intervention studies to influence tobacco use will be conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidance. Tobacco intervention studies with at least two time points that explicitly mention social norms or social influence as part of an intervention or set of measured variables will be included. Literature sources will comprise PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Trial Registry, as well as several grey literature sources. Two reviewers will independently screen studies, and risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 and ROBINS-I tools. The primary outcomes will be change in tobacco use and change in social norms. A random-effects meta-analysis will be conducted for both outcomes. Sources of heterogeneity will be explored using meta-regression with key covariates. Non-reporting biases will be explored using funnel plots. 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While effective supply-side solutions to tobacco control exist, these approaches are less effective at promoting cessation among heavy smokers, and less feasible to implement in countries with weaker tobacco control policy environments. Thus, effective demand-side solutions are needed. Shifting social norms around tobacco use is one such promising approach. To this end, a systematic review and meta-analysis of social norms intervention studies to influence tobacco use will be conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidance. Tobacco intervention studies with at least two time points that explicitly mention social norms or social influence as part of an intervention or set of measured variables will be included. Literature sources will comprise PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Trial Registry, as well as several grey literature sources. Two reviewers will independently screen studies, and risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 and ROBINS-I tools. The primary outcomes will be change in tobacco use and change in social norms. A random-effects meta-analysis will be conducted for both outcomes. Sources of heterogeneity will be explored using meta-regression with key covariates. Non-reporting biases will be explored using funnel plots. PROSPERO: CRD42021251535.", "inLanguage": "de-DE", "author": { "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/autoren/steve-baka/#person" }, "publisher": { "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/#organization" }, "mainEntityOfPage": { "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1126-science-1255484/#webpage" }, "datePublished": "2026-07-01", "dateModified": "2026-07-04", "citation": [ "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255484" ], "mentions": [], "text": "Social Norms Change and Tobacco Use: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta Analysis of Interventions.: Tobacco use kills more than eight million individuals each year, and results in substantial economic and human capital loss across nations. While effective supply side solutions to tobacco control exist, these approaches are less effective at promoting cessation among heavy smokers, and less feasible to implement in countries with weaker tobacco control policy environments. Thus, effective demand side solutions are needed. Shifting social norms around tobacco use is one such promising approach. To this end, a systematic review and meta analysis of social norms intervention studies to influence tobacco use will be conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidance. Tobacco intervention studies with at least two time points that explicitly mention social norms or social influence as part of an intervention or set of measured variables will be included. Literature sources will comprise PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Trial Registry, as well as several grey literature sources. Two reviewers will independently screen studies, and risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 and ROBINS I tools. The primary outcomes will be change in tobacco use and change in social norms. A random effects meta analysis will be conducted for both outcomes. Sources of heterogeneity will be explored using meta regression with key covariates. Non reporting biases will be explored using funnel plots. PROSPERO: CRD42021251535. Evidenzgrad A, Risk of Bias unclear. Quelle. Autor:innen: Shaon Lahiri, Jeffrey B Bingenheimer, William Douglas Evans, Yan Wang, Priyanka Dubey, Bobbi Snowden Jahr: 2021 Journal/Quelle: International journal of environmental research and public health DOI: 10.1126/science.1255484 APA: Lahiri, S., Bingenheimer, J. B., Evans, W. D., Wang, Y., Dubey, P., & Snowden, B. (2021). Social Norms Change and Tobacco Use: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta Analysis of Interventions. International journal of environmental research and public health. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255484 Forschungsfrage / Summary. Tobacco use kills more than eight million individuals each year, and results in substantial economic and human capital loss across nations. While effective supply side solutions to tobacco control exist, these approaches are less effective at promoting cessation among heavy smokers, and less feasible to implement in countries with weaker tobacco control policy environments. Thus, effective demand side solutions are needed. Shifting social norms around tobacco use is one such promising approach. To this end, a systematic review and meta analysis of social norms intervention studies to influence tobacco use will be conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidance. Tobacco intervention studies with at least two time points that explicitly mention social norms or social influence as part of an intervention or set of measured variables will be included. Literature sources will comprise PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Trial Registry, as well as several grey literature sources. Two reviewers will independently screen studies, and risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 and ROBINS I tools. The primary outcomes will be change in tobacco use and change in social norms. A random effects meta analysis will be conducted for both outcomes. Sources of heterogeneity will be explored using meta regression with key covariates. Non reporting biases will be explored using funnel plots. PROSPERO: CRD42021251535. Methode und Evidenzqualität. Studientyp: Studie Risk of Bias: unclear Evidenzgrad: A Key Findings. Evidence Fill Queue: Findings werden aus Volltext, Abstract und Review Notizen konsolidiert. Effektgrößen / Outcomes. Evidence Fill Queue: Effektgrößen und Outcomes werden aus Volltext Extraktionen priorisiert. Conversion Implikationen. Evidence Fill Queue: Conversion Implikationen werden nur ausgespielt, wenn Mechanismus, Kontext und Messgröße ableitbar sind. Limitationen. Evidence Fill Queue: Limitationen werden aus Risk of Bias , Sample und Methodikfeldern ergänzt. Verknüpfte Konzepte. Social Proof Unterstützte Claims. Soziale Normbotschaften können Verhalten beeinflussen, können aber je nach Formulierung auch unerwünschte Normen verstärken.", "learningResourceType": "Evidence source", "isBasedOn": [ "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255484" ], "about": [] }, { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1126-science-1255484/#breadcrumb", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Startseite", "item": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Social Norms Change and Tobacco Use: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions.", "item": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1126-science-1255484/" } ] }, { "@type": "FAQPage", "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1126-science-1255484/#faq", "inLanguage": "de-DE", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "Worum geht es in dieser Studie?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Social Norms Change and Tobacco Use: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions.: Tobacco use kills more than eight million individuals each year, and results in substantial economic and human capital loss across nations. While effective supply-side solutions to tobacco control exist, these approaches are less effective at promoting cessation among heavy smokers, and less feasible to implement in countries with weaker tobacco control policy environments. Thus, effective demand-side solutions are needed. Shifting social norms around tobacco use is one such promising approach. To this end, a systematic review and meta-analysis of social norms intervention studies to influence tobacco use will be conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidance. Tobacco intervention studies with at least two time points that explicitly mention social norms or [social influence](/prinzipien/social-influence/) as part of an intervention or set of measured variables will be included. Literature sources will comprise PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Trial Registry, as well as several grey literature sources. Two reviewers will independently screen studies, and risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 and ROBINS-I tools. The primary outcomes will be change in tobacco use and change in social norms. A random-effects meta-analysis will be conducted for both outcomes. Sources of heterogeneity will be explored using meta-regression with key covariates. Non-reporting biases will be explored using funnel plots. PROSPERO: CRD42021251535. Evidenzgrad A, Risk of Bias unclear." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Welche Evidenz wird genutzt?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Die Seite nutzt Claims, Studien, Use Cases und Quellen aus dem SurrealDB Knowledge Graph der Conversion-Psychologie-Wissensbasis." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Ist die Ausgabe auf Deutsch verfügbar?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Ja. Alle menschenlesbaren Inhalte und Agent-Ausgaben sind standardmäßig deutsch." } } ] } ] } ```