--- title: "Interventions involving nudge theory for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis." url: "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1037-hea0001400/" type: "study" language: de-DE description: "New approaches to mitigate vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccine uptake are urgently needed. Nudging has shown effective results in several health areas. However, the effectiveness of interventions involving nudge theory in increasing COVID-19 vaccination remains unclear. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for randomized controlled trials published before December 31, 2022, to determine whether interventions involving nudge theory improved COVID-19 vaccination behavior and intent. Risk ratio (RR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as pooled measures to assess vaccination behavior. Intention to vaccinate was reported in a narrative synthesis. Sixteen randomized controlled trials involving 176,125 participants were included. Interventions involving nudge theory weakly boosted the COVID-19 vaccine uptake rate (RR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.07, 1.36], p < .01). Subgroup analysis showed a weak positive effect of social norms (RR = 2.04, 95% CI [1.61, 2.57]), defaults (RR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.03, 1.69]), and salient reminders (RR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.04, 1.36]). Nudge interventions integrating multiple components were more efficacious in increasing vaccination rates compared to nudge alone. The effect of nudging interventions weakened over time (p < .001). Most studies (10 of 11) involving vaccination intention outcomes showed positive or partially positive results. Interventions involving nudge theory can promote COVID-19 vaccination behavior and intentions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)." --- # Interventions involving nudge theory for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis. > Interventions involving nudge theory for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis.: New approaches to mitigate vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccine uptake are urgently needed. Nudging has shown effective results in several health areas. However, the effectiveness of interventions involving nudge theory in increasing COVID-19 vaccination remains unclear. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for randomized controlled trials published before December 31, 2022, to determine whether interventions involving nudge theory improved COVID-19 vaccination behavior and intent. Risk ratio (RR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as pooled measures to assess vaccination behavior. Intention to vaccinate was reported in a narrative synthesis. Sixteen randomized controlled trials involving 176,125 participants were included. Interventions involving nudge theory weakly boosted the COVID-19 vaccine uptake rate (RR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.07, 1.36], p < .01). Subgroup analysis showed a weak positive effect of social norms (RR = 2.04, 95% CI [1.61, 2.57]), [defaults](/konzepte/default-effect/) (RR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.03, 1.69]), and salient reminders (RR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.04, 1.36]). Nudge interventions integrating multiple components were more efficacious in increasing vaccination rates compared to nudge alone. The effect of nudging interventions weakened over time (p < .001). Most studies (10 of 11) involving vaccination intention outcomes showed positive or partially positive results. Interventions involving nudge theory can promote COVID-19 vaccination behavior and intentions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved). Evidenzgrad A, Risk of Bias unclear. ## Quelle Autor:innen: Jiarong Zhang, Hui Jin Jahr: 2024 Journal/Quelle: Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association DOI: 10.1037/hea0001400 APA: Zhang, J., & Jin, H. (2024). Interventions involving nudge theory for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001400 ## Forschungsfrage / Summary New approaches to mitigate vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccine uptake are urgently needed. Nudging has shown effective results in several health areas. However, the effectiveness of interventions involving nudge theory in increasing COVID-19 vaccination remains unclear. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for randomized controlled trials published before December 31, 2022, to determine whether interventions involving nudge theory improved COVID-19 vaccination behavior and intent. Risk ratio (RR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as pooled measures to assess vaccination behavior. Intention to vaccinate was reported in a narrative synthesis. Sixteen randomized controlled trials involving 176,125 participants were included. Interventions involving nudge theory weakly boosted the COVID-19 vaccine uptake rate (RR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.07, 1.36], p < .01). Subgroup analysis showed a weak positive effect of social norms (RR = 2.04, 95% CI [1.61, 2.57]), [defaults](/konzepte/default-effect/) (RR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.03, 1.69]), and salient reminders (RR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.04, 1.36]). Nudge interventions integrating multiple components were more efficacious in increasing vaccination rates compared to nudge alone. The effect of nudging interventions weakened over time (p < .001). Most studies (10 of 11) involving vaccination intention outcomes showed positive or partially positive results. Interventions involving nudge theory can promote COVID-19 vaccination behavior and intentions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved). ## Methode und Evidenzqualität [Studien](/studien/)typ: Studie Risk of Bias: unclear Evidenzgrad: A ## Key Findings Evidence-Fill Queue: Findings werden aus Volltext, Abstract und Review-Notizen konsolidiert. ## Effektgrößen / Outcomes Evidence-Fill Queue: Effektgrößen und Outcomes werden aus Volltext-Extraktionen priorisiert. ## Conversion-Implikationen Evidence-Fill Queue: Conversion-Implikationen werden nur ausgespielt, wenn Mechanismus, Kontext und Messgröße ableitbar sind. ## Limitationen Evidence-Fill Queue: Limitationen werden aus Risk-of-Bias-, Sample- und Methodikfeldern ergänzt. ## Verknüpfte Konzepte - [Social Proof](/konzepte/social-proof/) - [Default Effect](/konzepte/default-effect/) ## Unterstützte Claims - [Nudge- und Choice-Architecture-Interventionen können Verhalten beeinflussen, wobei Effektstärken und ethische Bewertung stark vom Kontext abhängen.](/claims/nudge-interventions-can-shift-behavior/) ## FAQ ### Worum geht es in dieser Studie? Interventions involving nudge theory for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis.: New approaches to mitigate vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccine uptake are urgently needed. Nudging has shown effective results in several health areas. However, the effectiveness of interventions involving nudge theory in increasing COVID-19 vaccination remains unclear. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for randomized controlled trials published before December 31, 2022, to determine whether interventions involving nudge theory improved COVID-19 vaccination behavior and intent. Risk ratio (RR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as pooled measures to assess vaccination behavior. Intention to vaccinate was reported in a narrative synthesis. Sixteen randomized controlled trials involving 176,125 participants were included. Interventions involving nudge theory weakly boosted the COVID-19 vaccine uptake rate (RR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.07, 1.36], p < .01). Subgroup analysis showed a weak positive effect of social norms (RR = 2.04, 95% CI [1.61, 2.57]), [defaults](/konzepte/default-effect/) (RR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.03, 1.69]), and salient reminders (RR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.04, 1.36]). Nudge interventions integrating multiple components were more efficacious in increasing vaccination rates compared to nudge alone. The effect of nudging interventions weakened over time (p < .001). Most studies (10 of 11) involving vaccination intention outcomes showed positive or partially positive results. Interventions involving nudge theory can promote COVID-19 vaccination behavior and intentions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved). Evidenzgrad A, Risk of Bias unclear. ### Welche Evidenz wird genutzt? Die Seite nutzt Claims, Studien, Use Cases und Quellen aus dem SurrealDB Knowledge Graph der Conversion-Psychologie-Wissensbasis. ### Ist die Ausgabe auf Deutsch verfügbar? Ja. Alle menschenlesbaren Inhalte und Agent-Ausgaben sind standardmäßig deutsch. ## Quellen - Zhang, J., & Jin, H. (2024). Interventions involving nudge theory for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001400 [Quelle öffnen](https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001400) ## JSON-LD ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@type": "WebSite", "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/#website", "url": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de", "name": "conversion.stevebaka.de", "description": "Deutschsprachige Wissensbasis und Audit-Plattform für evidenzbasierte Conversion-Psychologie.", "publisher": { "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/#organization" } }, { "@type": "Organization", "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/#organization", "name": "conversion.stevebaka.de", "url": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de", "parentOrganization": { "@id": "https://stevebaka.de/#organization" }, "sameAs": [ "https://stevebaka.de" ] }, { "@type": "Person", "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/autoren/steve-baka/#person", "name": "Steve Baka", "url": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/autoren/steve-baka/", "sameAs": [ "https://stevebaka.de" ], "jobTitle": "Conversion- und AI-Infrastructure-Berater", "knowsAbout": [ "Conversion-Psychologie", "Verkaufspsychologie", "Behavioral Science", "GraphRAG", "SurrealDB", "D-A-CH Conversion Optimierung" ] }, { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1037-hea0001400/#webpage", "url": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1037-hea0001400/", "name": "Interventions involving nudge theory for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "description": "New approaches to mitigate vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccine uptake are urgently needed. Nudging has shown effective results in several health areas. However, the effectiveness of interventions involving nudge theory in increasing COVID-19 vaccination remains unclear. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for randomized controlled trials published before December 31, 2022, to determine whether interventions involving nudge theory improved COVID-19 vaccination behavior and intent. Risk ratio (RR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as pooled measures to assess vaccination behavior. Intention to vaccinate was reported in a narrative synthesis. Sixteen randomized controlled trials involving 176,125 participants were included. Interventions involving nudge theory weakly boosted the COVID-19 vaccine uptake rate (RR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.07, 1.36], p < .01). Subgroup analysis showed a weak positive effect of social norms (RR = 2.04, 95% CI [1.61, 2.57]), defaults (RR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.03, 1.69]), and salient reminders (RR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.04, 1.36]). Nudge interventions integrating multiple components were more efficacious in increasing vaccination rates compared to nudge alone. The effect of nudging interventions weakened over time (p < .001). Most studies (10 of 11) involving vaccination intention outcomes showed positive or partially positive results. Interventions involving nudge theory can promote COVID-19 vaccination behavior and intentions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).", "inLanguage": "de-DE", "isPartOf": { "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/#website" }, "breadcrumb": { "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1037-hea0001400/#breadcrumb" }, "datePublished": "2026-07-01", "dateModified": "2026-07-04", "mainEntity": { "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1037-hea0001400/#article" } }, { "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1037-hea0001400/#article", "headline": "Interventions involving nudge theory for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "name": "Interventions involving nudge theory for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "description": "New approaches to mitigate vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccine uptake are urgently needed. Nudging has shown effective results in several health areas. However, the effectiveness of interventions involving nudge theory in increasing COVID-19 vaccination remains unclear. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for randomized controlled trials published before December 31, 2022, to determine whether interventions involving nudge theory improved COVID-19 vaccination behavior and intent. Risk ratio (RR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as pooled measures to assess vaccination behavior. Intention to vaccinate was reported in a narrative synthesis. Sixteen randomized controlled trials involving 176,125 participants were included. Interventions involving nudge theory weakly boosted the COVID-19 vaccine uptake rate (RR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.07, 1.36], p < .01). Subgroup analysis showed a weak positive effect of social norms (RR = 2.04, 95% CI [1.61, 2.57]), defaults (RR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.03, 1.69]), and salient reminders (RR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.04, 1.36]). Nudge interventions integrating multiple components were more efficacious in increasing vaccination rates compared to nudge alone. The effect of nudging interventions weakened over time (p < .001). Most studies (10 of 11) involving vaccination intention outcomes showed positive or partially positive results. Interventions involving nudge theory can promote COVID-19 vaccination behavior and intentions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).", "inLanguage": "de-DE", "author": { "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/autoren/steve-baka/#person" }, "publisher": { "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/#organization" }, "mainEntityOfPage": { "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1037-hea0001400/#webpage" }, "datePublished": "2026-07-01", "dateModified": "2026-07-04", "citation": [ "https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001400" ], "mentions": [], "text": "Interventions involving nudge theory for COVID 19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta analysis.: New approaches to mitigate vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccine uptake are urgently needed. Nudging has shown effective results in several health areas. However, the effectiveness of interventions involving nudge theory in increasing COVID 19 vaccination remains unclear. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for randomized controlled trials published before December 31, 2022, to determine whether interventions involving nudge theory improved COVID 19 vaccination behavior and intent. Risk ratio (RR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as pooled measures to assess vaccination behavior. Intention to vaccinate was reported in a narrative synthesis. Sixteen randomized controlled trials involving 176,125 participants were included. Interventions involving nudge theory weakly boosted the COVID 19 vaccine uptake rate (RR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.07, 1.36], p < .01). Subgroup analysis showed a weak positive effect of social norms (RR = 2.04, 95% CI [1.61, 2.57]), defaults (RR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.03, 1.69]), and salient reminders (RR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.04, 1.36]). Nudge interventions integrating multiple components were more efficacious in increasing vaccination rates compared to nudge alone. The effect of nudging interventions weakened over time (p < .001). Most studies (10 of 11) involving vaccination intention outcomes showed positive or partially positive results. Interventions involving nudge theory can promote COVID 19 vaccination behavior and intentions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved). Evidenzgrad A, Risk of Bias unclear. Quelle. Autor:innen: Jiarong Zhang, Hui Jin Jahr: 2024 Journal/Quelle: Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association DOI: 10.1037/hea0001400 APA: Zhang, J., & Jin, H. (2024). Interventions involving nudge theory for COVID 19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta analysis. Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001400 Forschungsfrage / Summary. New approaches to mitigate vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccine uptake are urgently needed. Nudging has shown effective results in several health areas. However, the effectiveness of interventions involving nudge theory in increasing COVID 19 vaccination remains unclear. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for randomized controlled trials published before December 31, 2022, to determine whether interventions involving nudge theory improved COVID 19 vaccination behavior and intent. Risk ratio (RR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as pooled measures to assess vaccination behavior. Intention to vaccinate was reported in a narrative synthesis. Sixteen randomized controlled trials involving 176,125 participants were included. Interventions involving nudge theory weakly boosted the COVID 19 vaccine uptake rate (RR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.07, 1.36], p < .01). Subgroup analysis showed a weak positive effect of social norms (RR = 2.04, 95% CI [1.61, 2.57]), defaults (RR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.03, 1.69]), and salient reminders (RR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.04, 1.36]). Nudge interventions integrating multiple components were more efficacious in increasing vaccination rates compared to nudge alone. The effect of nudging interventions weakened over time (p < .001). Most studies (10 of 11) involving vaccination intention outcomes showed positive or partially positive results. Interventions involving nudge theory can promote COVID 19 vaccination behavior and intentions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved). Methode und Evidenzqualität. Studientyp: Studie Risk of Bias: unclear Evidenzgrad: A Key Findings. Evidence Fill Queue: Findings werden aus Volltext, Abstract und Review Notizen konsolidiert. Effektgrößen / Outcomes. Evidence Fill Queue: Effektgrößen und Outcomes werden aus Volltext Extraktionen priorisiert. Conversion Implikationen. Evidence Fill Queue: Conversion Implikationen werden nur ausgespielt, wenn Mechanismus, Kontext und Messgröße ableitbar sind. Limitationen. Evidence Fill Queue: Limitationen werden aus Risk of Bias , Sample und Methodikfeldern ergänzt. Verknüpfte Konzepte. Social Proof Default Effect Unterstützte Claims. Nudge und Choice Architecture Interventionen können Verhalten beeinflussen, wobei Effektstärken und ethische Bewertung stark vom Kontext abhängen.", "learningResourceType": "Evidence source", "isBasedOn": [ "https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001400" ], "about": [] }, { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1037-hea0001400/#breadcrumb", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Startseite", "item": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Interventions involving nudge theory for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "item": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1037-hea0001400/" } ] }, { "@type": "FAQPage", "@id": "https://conversion.stevebaka.de/studien/10-1037-hea0001400/#faq", "inLanguage": "de-DE", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "name": "Worum geht es in dieser Studie?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Interventions involving nudge theory for COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis.: New approaches to mitigate vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccine uptake are urgently needed. Nudging has shown effective results in several health areas. However, the effectiveness of interventions involving nudge theory in increasing COVID-19 vaccination remains unclear. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for randomized controlled trials published before December 31, 2022, to determine whether interventions involving nudge theory improved COVID-19 vaccination behavior and intent. Risk ratio (RR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as pooled measures to assess vaccination behavior. Intention to vaccinate was reported in a narrative synthesis. Sixteen randomized controlled trials involving 176,125 participants were included. Interventions involving nudge theory weakly boosted the COVID-19 vaccine uptake rate (RR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.07, 1.36], p < .01). Subgroup analysis showed a weak positive effect of social norms (RR = 2.04, 95% CI [1.61, 2.57]), [defaults](/konzepte/default-effect/) (RR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.03, 1.69]), and salient reminders (RR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.04, 1.36]). Nudge interventions integrating multiple components were more efficacious in increasing vaccination rates compared to nudge alone. The effect of nudging interventions weakened over time (p < .001). Most studies (10 of 11) involving vaccination intention outcomes showed positive or partially positive results. Interventions involving nudge theory can promote COVID-19 vaccination behavior and intentions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved). Evidenzgrad A, Risk of Bias unclear." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Welche Evidenz wird genutzt?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Die Seite nutzt Claims, Studien, Use Cases und Quellen aus dem SurrealDB Knowledge Graph der Conversion-Psychologie-Wissensbasis." } }, { "@type": "Question", "name": "Ist die Ausgabe auf Deutsch verfügbar?", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "Ja. Alle menschenlesbaren Inhalte und Agent-Ausgaben sind standardmäßig deutsch." } } ] } ] } ```